Robert Towne, Oscar-Winning ‘Chinatown’ Screenwriter, Dies at 89
The San Pedro native also wrote 'The Last Detail,' 'Shampoo' and 'Tequila Sunrise' and forged a superstar reputation as a script doctor and consultant.
He was not on the list.
Robert Towne, the screenwriter as superstar whose
Oscar-winning work on the 1974 classic Chinatown is widely recognized as the
gold standard for movie scripts, has died. He was 89.
Towne died Monday at his home in Los Angeles, publicist
Carri McClure announced.
He also received Academy Award nominations for The Last
Detail (1973) and Shampoo (1975) in the years surrounding his most famous work.
His takes on Los Angeles were etched with melancholy and
painted the city as one of beauty and sadness. In Chinatown and Shampoo,
gumshoe J.J. Gittes (Jack Nicholson) and Beverly Hills hairdresser George
Roundy (Warren Beatty) end up alone. (Towne collaborated often with those
actors.)
This squinty vantage on Southern California, as a temptress
who dashes hopes, also was evident in his script for Tequila Sunrise (1988),
which starred Mel Gibson as a retired drug dealer, Kurt Russell as a cop and
Michelle Pfeiffer as the femme fatale.
Towne also was highly regarded for his work as a script
doctor, contributing the Marlon Brando garden scene to The Godfather (1972) and
supplying crucial pieces to other films like Arthur Penn’s Bonnie and Clyde
(1967).
When Godfather director Francis Ford Coppola accepted the
Oscar for best screenplay (co-written with Mario Puzo), he thanked Towne from
the stage. The writer had been prominently credited as a “special consultant”
on Bonnie and Clyde after Beatty, the star and producer on that film, came to him
for help.
Towne again collaborated with Beatty on Love Affair (1994),
a remake of the classic 1932 Irene Dunne-Charles Boyer movie.
Towne was renowned for his ability to construct ornate but
compact screenplays and write pungent dialogue that conveyed rich, and, at
times, complex, contradictory meanings.
“He knows how to use sly indirection, canny repetition,
unexpected counterpoint and a unique poetic vulgarity to stretch a scene or an
entire script to its utmost emotional capacity,” film critic Michael Sragow
wrote in 1998. “He’s also a lush visual artist with an eye for the kind of
images that go to the left and right sides of the brain simultaneously.”
Chinatown was his masterpiece, with the classic noir
detective story showing up on numerous critics’ “best” lists. Fashioned around
the story of the Mulholland family and fights over L.A. water rights, the
Raymond Chandler-inspired film also starred Faye Dunaway and John Huston and
was directed by Roman Polanski. The film received 11 Oscar noms, but only Towne
won.
(Towne talked about writing “a leading man part for
Nicholson” in Sam Wasson’s book The Big Goodbye, which THR excerpted in 2020.
The book also notes that Edward Taylor, a former college roommate and frequent
collaborator of Towne’s, did a great deal of work on the screenplay without
credit.)
His Chinatown follow-up, The Two Jakes (1990), this time
directed by Nicholson, also was based on Gittes investigations, but critics
found his screenplay lackluster, and the much-anticipated sequel was a bitter
disappointment. (In November 2019, it was revealed that Towne and David Fincher
were at work on a prequel series for Netflix.)
Towne also wrote the Tom Cruise vehicles The Firm (1993) and
Days of Thunder (1990) and was credited with the first two Mission: Impossible
blockbusters, released in 1996 and 2000.
He removed his name from the credits of Greystoke: The
Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes (1984) and substituted the nom de plume P.H.
Vazak. The nonexistent writer then shared an Oscar nomination — the fourth of
Towne’s career— with Michael Austin. Vazak, it turns out, was the name of
Towne’s sheepdog.
Following his more prolific years, Towne was troubled by
mysterious illnesses that dissipated his energy to craft original screenplays,
confining him to rewrites. “I was like a guy whose arm is only good enough to
pitch a few innings. I could not sustain,” he said in 1992.
In fact, some of his best work was done on other’s
screenplays — like The Yakuza (1974) and 8 Million Ways to Die (1986), which
featured screenplays by Paul Schrader and Oliver Stone, respectively — or on
abandoned projects.
Towne also added scenes to Nicholson’s Drive, He Said (1971)
and did uncredited polishes to The New Centurions and Cisco Pike, both released
in 1972. He also assisted on Marathon Man and the Nicholson-starring The
Missouri Breaks, a pair of 1976 movies.
Tequila Sunrise marked his second project as
writer-director, following Personal Best (1982), the story of a lesbian track
athlete starring Mariel Hemingway. He also did double duty on the Steve
Prefontaine biopic Without Limits (1998) and Ask the Dust (2006), another L.A.
piece set in the 1930s.
In 2017, Vulture placed him No. 3 on its list of the 100
Best Screenwriters of All Time; only Billy Wilder and Joel & Ethan Coen
ranked higher.
Robert Bertram Schwartz was born on Nov. 23, 1934, in San
Pedro, home of the Port of Los Angeles. His father owned a ladies clothing
store called the Towne Smart Shop in the neighborhood and then became a real
estate developer, and the family moved to tony Rancho Palos Verdes.
Towne attended Chadwick Prep School, Redondo Union High and
Pomona College, where he studied English literature and philosophy and
graduated in 1956. He (along with college pal Richard Chamberlain) studied
acting with blacklisted actor Jeff Corey, and it was here that he met
Nicholson. The two established an instant rapport.
Like many others, Towne got his start in show business from
another institution of higher learning, the “school” of Roger Corman. His first
screenplay was a post-apocalyptic opus for the director-producer called Last
Woman on Earth (1960).
Towne also starred under the pseudonym Edward Wain in that
film and played a secret agent in another Corman flick, Creature From the
Haunted Sea (1961). He then cranked out the script for the director’s The Tomb
of Ligeia (1964), starring Vincent Price in an Edgar Allan Poe tale.
When Beatty needed help on the script for Bonnie and Clyde,
he turned to Towne. The writer then rejected an opportunity to adapt The Great
Gatsby, opting to complete his work on Chinatown. He came up with the idea for
the story while he was working with Nicholson on The Last Detail, he recalled
in a 2009 interview.
“I went to Jack and said, ‘What if I wrote a detective story
set in L.A. of the ’30s?’ He said, ‘Great,'” Towne recalled. “The one feeling I
had was a desire to try and re-create the city.
“I then had to go to Oregon where Jack was filming Drive, He
Said. I hadn’t really read Raymond Chandler at that point, so I started reading
Chandler. While I was there at the University of Oregon, I checked out a book
from the library [written by Carey McWilliams] called Southern California
Country: Island on the Land. In it was a chapter called ‘Water, Water, Water,’
which was a revelation to me.
“And I thought, ‘Why not do a picture about a crime that’s
right out in front of everybody?’ Instead of a jewel-encrusted falcon, make it
something as prevalent as water faucets and make a conspiracy out of that. And
after reading about what they were doing, dumping water and starving the
farmers out of their land, I realized the visual and dramatic possibilities
were enormous. So that was really the beginning of it.”
Survivors include his second wife, Luisa, whom he married in
1984; his daughters, Kathleen, an actress, and Chiara; his brother, Roger, and
sister-in-law, Sylviane; niece Jocelyn; and nephew Nick.
Information regarding a celebration of life will be
announced.
Filmography
Credits as writer-director
Personal Best (1982) – also producer
Tequila Sunrise (1988)
Without Limits (1998)
Ask the Dust (2006)
Credits as writer only
Last Woman on Earth (1960)
The Lloyd Bridges Show (1963–64) (TV series) – episodes
"A Personal Matter", "My Daddy Can Lick Your Daddy"
Breaking Point (1964) (TV series) – episode: "So Many
Pretty Girls, So Little Time"
The Outer Limits (1964) (TV series) – episode: "The
Chameleon"
The Tomb of Ligeia (1964)
The Man from U.N.C.L.E. (1964) (TV series) – episode:
"The Dove Affair"
Bonnie and Clyde (1967) (credited as special consultant)
Villa Rides (1968)
Drive, He Said (1971) (uncredited)
Cisco Pike (1972) (uncredited)
The New Centurions (1972) (uncredited)
The Godfather (1972) (uncredited)
The Last Detail (1973)
Chinatown (1974)
The Parallax View (1974) (uncredited)
The Yakuza (1974)
Shampoo (1975)
The Missouri Breaks (1976) (uncredited)
Marathon Man (1976) (uncredited)
Orca (1977) (uncredited)
Heaven Can Wait (1978) (uncredited)
Reds (1981) (uncredited consultant)
Deal of the Century (1983) (uncredited)
Swing Shift (1984) (uncredited)
Greystoke: The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes (1984) (as
P. H. Vazak)
8 Million Ways to Die (1986) (uncredited)
Tough Guys Don't Dance (1987) (uncredited)
Frantic (1988) (uncredited)
The Two Jakes (1990)
Days of Thunder (1990)
The Firm (1993)
Love Affair (1994)
Crimson Tide (1995) (uncredited)
Mission: Impossible (1996)
Mission: Impossible 2 (2000)
Credits as actor
Last Woman on Earth (1960) as Martin Joyce (as Edward Wain)
Creature from the Haunted Sea (1961) as Sparks Moran/Agent
XK150/Narrator (as Edward Wain)
The Zodiac Killer (1971) as Man in Bar #3 as Robert Tubin)
Drive, He Said (1971) as Richard
Shampoo (1975) as Party Guest (uncredited)
The Pick-up Artist (1987) as Stan
Suspect Zero (2004) as Professor Dates (uncredited)
Other credits
The Young Racers (1963) – assistant director
Unmade projects
I Flew a Spy Plane Over Russia (1962) – script for Roger
Corman
The Brotherhood of the Grape (1975) – script for Francis
Ford Coppola, based upon the novel by John Fante
The Mermaid (1983) – script for Warren Beatty
Gittes vs. Gittes (1990) – unproduced sequel script to The
Two Jakes
Beverly Hills Cop III (1994) – rejected script
The Night Manager (1994) – script for Sydney Pollack, based
upon the novel by John le Carré
The 39 Steps remake (2003) – writer/director
Pompeii TV miniseries (2011) – 4 part series for Scott Free
Productions, based on the book by Robert Harris
Compadre TV pilot (2011) – teleplay for Scott Free
Productions
Next of Kin (2011) – script for David Fincher
The Battle of Britain (2011) – script for Graham King
Untitled Chinatown prequel series (2019) – teleplay(s)
for David Fincher, to be produced at Netflix