Ben E. King, Soulful Singer of ‘Stand by Me,’ Dies at 76
He was number 104 on the list.
Ben E. King, the smooth, soulful baritone who led the
Drifters on “There Goes My Baby,” “Save the Last Dance for Me” and other hits
in the late 1950s and early 1960s, and as a solo artist recorded the classic
singles “Spanish Harlem” and “Stand by Me,” died on Thursday in Hackensack,
N.J. He was 76.
His lawyer, Judy Tint, said Mr. King, who lived in Teaneck,
N.J., died at Hackensack University Medical Center after a brief illness,
offering no further details.
Mr. King was working in his father’s Harlem luncheonette in
1956 when a local impresario, Lover Patterson, overheard him singing to himself
and persuaded him to join a group he managed, the Five Crowns.
Lightning struck when the group, then known as the Crowns,
performed at the Apollo Theater on a bill with the original Drifters in 1958
and attracted the attention of George Treadwell, who managed the Drifters and
owned the name.
Mr. Treadwell had been feuding with his group, which had
entered a lean period after Clyde McPhatter, its lead singer, was drafted into
the Army in late 1954. He fired the Drifters en masse and replaced them with
Mr. King and three of his fellow singers.
Atlantic Records assigned the songwriting team of Jerry
Leiber and Mike Stoller to produce the group’s recordings. The match turned out
to be inspired, yielding a streak of hit records that helped the Drifters
achieve crossover success. Mr. King’s suave but impassioned vocals had a lot to
do with it.
“He had a way of retaining a gospel grit in his voice but at
the same had an easy, debonair style that was appealing and ingratiating,” said
Ken Emerson, the author of “Always Magic in the Air: The Bomp and Brilliance of
the Brill Building Era,” about the Midtown Manhattan center of pop music
songwriting.
“There Goes My Baby,” released in 1959, reached No. 2 on the
pop charts. It was followed by “Dance With Me,” “This Magic Moment,” “I Count
the Tears,” “Lonely Winds” and “Save the Last Dance for Me,” a No. 1 hit.
Mr. King left the Drifters in 1960 and embarked on a
successful solo career. “Spanish Harlem,” written by Mr. Leiber with Phil
Spector, reached the Top 10 that year. “Stand by Me,” which Mr. King helped
write, reached the Top 10 in 1961 and again in 1986, when it was used in the
soundtrack of the Rob Reiner film of the same name.
“Because he recorded
the work of so many great songwriters, his own songwriting is often overlooked,”
Mr. Emerson said. “But he co-wrote ‘There Goes My Baby,’ and ‘Stand by Me’
originated with him.” He was also the principal writer of “Dance With Me.”
Rolling Stone ranked “Stand by Me” 122nd on its list of the
500 greatest songs. In 1999 BMI, the music licensing organization, announced
that it was the fourth-most-recorded song of the 20th century, having been
played more than seven million times on radio and television.
Mr. King was born Benjamin Earl Nelson on Sept. 28, 1938, in
Henderson, N.C., and grew up in Harlem, where his father had moved the family
when he was a child. He took the surname King, which belonged to a favorite
uncle, soon after joining the Drifters.
He began singing in church choirs and during high school
formed a doo-wop group, the Four B’s, that occasionally performed at the
Apollo. “To me, singing was fun,” he said in a 1993 interview with the website
Classic Bands. “I never even visualized for a second doing what I’m doing.”
Mr. King was similarly offhand in describing his
songwriting. In an interview with Bill Millar, the author of “The Drifters: The
Rise and Fall of the Black Vocal Group” (1971), he said, “I’d sit down with
this old guitar I have that’s missing all but three strings — no one else could
play it, but I pick out tunes, and, when I have something, I’ll play it for
someone who can write it.”
He was singing with the Five Crowns when, in 1958, the group
signed with R&B Records, a fledgling label run by the songwriters Doc Pomus
and Mort Shuman. As the Crowns, the group recorded one song, “Kiss and Make
Up,” before the company went out of business. The relationship proved fruitful,
however. Pomus and Shuman went on to write “This Magic Moment” with Mr. King,
as well as “Save the Last Dance for Me.”
Recording for Atco, a subsidiary of Atlantic, Mr. King
scored modest successes in the 1960s with “Don’t Play That Song (You Lied),” “I
(Who Have Nothing),” “Seven Letters” and “Tears, Tears, Tears.” In 1968, he
performed on the single “Soul Meeting,” a minor hit for the Soul Clan, an
Atlantic supergroup whose members also included Solomon Burke and Joe Tex.
By the end of the decade his career was in decline. He
rebounded with the 1975 funk hit “Supernatural Thing, Part 1,” and in 1977
recorded a well-regarded album with the Average White Band, “Benny and Us.” He
continued to turn out albums for Atlantic into the 1980s, recording “Let Me
Live in Your Life” (1978), “Music Trance” (1980) and “Street Tough” (1981).
Mr. King later recorded for a variety of independent labels
and performed regularly in clubs and small concert halls in the United States
and abroad.
He is survived by his mother, Jenny Nelson; his wife, Betty
King; two daughters, Terris Cannon and Angela Matos; a son, Benjamin Jr.; four
sisters, Joyce Powell, Gladys Johnson, Deborah Nelson and Stacy Nelson; three
brothers, Jeffrey, Calvin and Billy; and six grandchildren.
“I still think my whole career was accidental,” Mr. King
told Classic Bands. “I didn’t pursue it. I feel like I’m cheating sometimes.”
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